Monad: The Rise of Next-Generation High-Performance Blockchain

In the wave of blockchain technology in 2024, Monad is emerging as a new star. This project, valued at over $2 billion, is positioned as a "high-performance blockchain fully compatible with EVM," reshaping the Layer 1 competitive landscape. On February 19, 2025, Monad launched a public testnet covering 8.8 million Ethereum addresses, showcasing strong technical strength and market potential.

1. Technological Innovation: Multi-dimensional Breakthroughs to Build a High-Performance Ecosystem

Monad, as a highly regarded Layer 1 Blockchain project, achieves a leap in performance through four major technological innovations while maintaining EVM compatibility, aiming to create an efficient and user-friendly blockchain network.

1. Monad BFT Consensus Mechanism

• BFT consensus mechanism based on HotStuff algorithm ensures fast transaction verification
• Pipeline BFT: Parallel processing, reducing block confirmation time to 0.8 seconds.
• Dynamic Validator Set: Quickly remove malicious nodes through reputation score adjustment.
• Anti-Witch Design: Introduces hardware fingerprint authentication to limit single entity control.

2. Execution Layer Revolution: EVM Multithreading

• Dependency Graph: Construct a DAG, automatically identify parallel transactions
• Conflict resolution mechanism: establish a "dispute buffer zone" to reduce redundant execution
• Gas Optimizer: Restructuring the calculation model to reduce common DeFi contract fees

3. Storage Innovation: MonadDB State Database

• Tiers storage architecture: memory, SSD, and HDD hybrid storage solution
• Lightweight proof of status: Utilizing zk-STARK technology to enhance verification speed.

4. EVM Compatibility

• Fully supports the latest Ethereum opcodes and precompiled contracts
• Innovated "state sharding pre-compilation" technology to reduce Gas consumption of complex contracts.
• Provide developer toolkit, support one-click migration of smart contracts

2. Testnet Data: Showcasing Monad's Potential

The launch of the testnet in 2025 set multiple industry records:

• Completed an airdrop of 8.8 million addresses within 30 minutes, with a peak TPS of 5,200.
• Processed 334 million RPC requests in 12 hours, with API response time stable within 80ms.
• The integration level of the developer toolchain reaches 92%, seamlessly connecting with mainstream frameworks.

3. Market Competition and Ecological Potential

Monad draws on the experiences of mainstream public chains in its design, achieving high throughput and low latency through innovative algorithms and security upgrades while ensuring safety and decentralization. Its high performance and EVM compatibility make it suitable for various application scenarios, including decentralized finance, NFT markets, Blockchain games, and supply chain management.

4. Security Considerations: Risks Behind Innovation

Despite Monad demonstrating strong technical capabilities, there are still some potential risks that need to be addressed:

Consensus Layer:

• Initial validator centralization risk
• The staking economic model needs improvement.

Execution Layer:

• Parallel transaction dependency detection needs further validation
• EVM compatibility may lead to the re-emergence of historical vulnerabilities

Storage Layer:

• The SSD data verification mechanism must guard against false state proof attacks.
• There is a risk of state loss when the node is restarted.

User Protection Recommendations:

• Use DApps that have undergone multiple audits.
• Avoid using production environment private keys during the testing phase.
• Enable transaction dependency detection feature
• Large transaction cooling period settings
• Be cautious when signing unverified contracts

5. Outlook

The technological innovations of Monad reflect the trend of blockchain evolving towards system-level architectural innovations. While maintaining compatibility with the EVM ecosystem, it has achieved significant performance improvements. However, the real challenge lies in the actual operation after the mainnet launch. The next 18 months will be a critical period to observe whether Monad can become a true Layer 1 disruptor.

In the upcoming Layer 1 competition, Monad has already gained a technical advantage. However, the ultimate competition in the blockchain world is not just a battle of technologies, but also a contest of ecological value capture capabilities. Whether Monad can stand out in this competition is something we should continue to pay attention to.