Breakthrough in Blockchain Technology: Sui Lutris Protocol

Since the birth of Bitcoin ten years ago, Blockchain technology has made significant progress. With the emergence of new applications such as games and NFTs, the industry has been exploring ways to improve technological efficiency, especially in handling high loads and real-time latency. Currently, L1 Blockchains face two major challenges: first, how to achieve high throughput while maintaining low latency, and second, ensuring the long-term stability of the consensus protocol. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain decentralization through dynamic adjustments of validation nodes.

One way to increase throughput is to adopt a DAG-based consensus protocol, such as narwhale/Bullshark. These types of protocols can handle a large number of transactions simultaneously, making them very suitable for gaming and NFT applications. However, they typically introduce a delay of several seconds, which can be a high time cost for regular transfers or gaming operations.

Another approach is a non-consensus protocol, such as FastPay, which shows promise in reducing latency and scalability. These types of protocols can quickly process transactions without consensus, eliminating the need to order independent transactions for parallel processing. However, they are limited to simple Blockchain operations, restricting the expressive power of smart contracts, and there may be challenges in dynamically adjusting the validator set.

Although these methods have great potential, they are not yet widely applied in production-level blockchains. Sui Lutris, as the underlying protocol of Sui, innovatively combines DAG-based consensus and non-consensus methods, achieving sub-second latency and sustained throughput of thousands of transactions per second. At the same time, it retains the ability to execute complex contracts on shared objects, generate checkpoints, and reconfigure the validator set across cycles.

Sui Lutris adopts a unique hybrid approach. For asset operations owned by a single owner, the system employs a consistency broadcasting protocol among validators, achieving lower latency than consensus. For complex smart contracts on shared objects, it relies on a consensus mechanism. Additionally, Sui Lutris supports network maintenance operations, such as defining checkpoints and reconfiguring validators. This innovative strategy provides a solution that balances efficiency and functionality when handling transactions in a replicated Byzantine environment.

In Sui Lutris, the lifecycle of a transaction is as follows: the user creates and signs the transaction, which is sent to validation nodes for checking and signing. The client collects responses from the majority of the validation nodes to form a transaction certificate, at which point the transaction reaches final determinism. If the transaction only involves exclusive objects, it can be executed immediately without waiting for the consensus engine. All certificates are forwarded to the DAG-based consensus protocol. The consensus ultimately outputs the total order of the certificates, and the validation nodes execute transactions that contain shared objects. The client can collect responses from the validation nodes and assemble them into an effect certificate as proof of transaction settlement.

In addition to the main trading process, Sui Lutris also offers multiple features that support production-grade Blockchain.

1. Implement the checkpoint protocol to generate a causal history of all transactions in the system for complete auditing and efficient synchronization.

2. Support for reconfiguration at the end of each period, allowing adjustments to the validator set and their voting power.

3. Safely "unlock" erroneously locked assets at the end of the cycle to minimize the damage caused by vulnerabilities.

Sui Lutris provides strong technical support for the Sui Blockchain, enabling it to securely manage a large number of user assets. The protocol offers security proofs for partially synchronous Byzantine participants in a standard distributed system model, providing new ideas for the future development of Blockchain technology.